In-plane structural response and design of duplex and ferritic stainless steel welded I-section beam–columns

In this paper, the in-plane behaviour and design of duplex ferritic stainless steel welded I-section beam–columns fabricated through welding individual hot-rolled plates are explored. Finite element models able to replicate structural response members created validated against experimental results from literature. Using finite models, extensive numerical parametric studies performed, which utilised investigate accuracy reliability existing provisions for beam–columns. Scope improvement is revealed, prompting development new beam–column rules that compatible with those provided carbon in EN 1993-1-1. The proposals shown offer improved consistency over under combined axial compression bending, recommended inclusion upcoming revision 1993-1-4. proposed rules, a partial safety factor ?M1=1.1, demonstrated.